Hello! This is the first installment of A Thousand Economic Stories. The prices of everything around us hide surprising secrets. Why has the price of an Americano at your favorite coffee shop skyrocketed in just a few years? Today, we'll discuss the most fundamental key to unlocking that mystery: supply and demand.
Through this story, you'll understand how this classic principle is changing in the age of AI, perfecting your personal consumption, labor, and investment strategies, and even gaining insight into the inequality issues exacerbated by technological innovation.
The first is the market-oriented perspective. This perspective prioritizes market efficiency. As Adam Smith said, the market, driven by the "invisible hand," finds the most reasonable price.
The law of demand states that when the price of an item falls, we seek to buy more of it. The law of supply states that when the price of an item rises, producers seek to increase production to maximize profits.
These two forces push and pull in the market to determine the equilibrium price. For example, if cabbages are abundant and there's an oversupply, farmers have no choice but to lower their prices. This is how market efficiency works.
However, markets are not perfect. The second, socially oriented perspective, emphasizes fairness and equity, which efficiency misses.
Similar to the Veblen effect, when the price itself becomes a means of demonstrating "status," as in the case of luxury goods, a paradoxical phenomenon occurs where rising prices actually increase demand.
Furthermore, essential goods like housing have physical limits on supply, so leaving them solely to the market can lead to speculation and exacerbate inequality. In such situations, calls for deliberate government intervention to ensure fairness are gaining ground.
Now, this classic principle is facing a new shock: AI. Understanding this shift is crucial for formulating future strategies.
On the supply side, AI reduces marginal production costs to near zero. As AI instantly generates code, images, and content, the supply of digital goods increases infinitely. This accelerates downward pressure on the prices of all knowledge services.
Conversely, on the demand side, a new scarcity emerges. In an era where AI provides an infinite supply of information, the value we pay for is no longer "information" or "mass-produced goods."
The new scarcity is precisely human value. Demand for areas that cannot be replaced by technology, such as empathy, authenticity, and unique experiences, will explode. For example, demand for "a unique original imbued with the philosophy and struggles of a human artist" will become far more valuable than a painting created by AI.
How should we respond to this era of great upheaval? We must approach this change from six perspectives: investors, consumers, workers, entrepreneurs, citizens, and policy.
The first is a strategy for investors. In the AI era, a small number of large companies with a monopoly on data and technology are likely to dominate the market. Therefore, when investing, it's crucial to first understand this monopolistic structure that dominates the market and monopolizes profits. Rather than simply following trends, it's crucial to focus on companies that have amassed vast amounts of data and are leading the way in AI technology, with a long-term perspective. This could be the new gold mine of the AI era.
The second is a strategy for consumers. In an era where AI replicates and infinitely supplies everything, the value of the objects themselves will decline. Therefore, we must shift our spending patterns from material goods to experiences and authentic values. For example, investing in artisan products that embody the "rare human connection" or precious travel experiences with family, rather than infinitely replicable digital goods, can increase long-term satisfaction.
The third strategy is for workers. AI is rapidly replacing not only simple repetitive tasks but also knowledge-based labor like data analysis and report writing. Now, we must weaponize "human scarcity" that AI cannot easily imitate or replace. These are abilities like empathy, ethical judgment, critical thinking, and the creativity to define problems. We can protect the value of our labor only by focusing on areas that machines cannot: interpersonal relationships and the ability to create new value.
The fourth strategy is for entrepreneurs. Companies must leverage the supply shock of the AI era as a growth opportunity. They must secure a monopoly in the market by securing data first, or develop innovative business models that leverage AI technology to achieve zero marginal costs. Furthermore, they must employ strategies that effectively combine human workers and AI technology to premiumize the rare services that only humans can provide.
The fifth strategy is a citizen-focused strategy. To prepare for the wealth concentration and mass unemployment that AI will bring, we must actively participate in discussions to maintain fairness across society. For example, we must critically examine the debate over universal basic income (UBI), which seeks to share the vast wealth generated by AI across society and guarantee a minimum standard of living to those who lose their jobs.
The final strategy is a policy-focused strategy. The government must prevent the benefits of AI technology advancements from being concentrated in a select few companies. We must engage in societal discussions, such as data monopoly regulations, aimed at preventing market monopolies by a small number of big tech companies and creating a level playing field. We must also prioritize policies that strengthen the "human capital" of citizens through investments in education.
Prices are being redefined amidst the classical principles of efficiency and fairness, along with the new impact of AI. We hope you will leverage this wisdom to become wise economic actors.
In the next episode, we will delve into the secrets of inflation, the shadow that secretly eats away at our wages. Don't miss it!
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